The Practice of Catheter Cryoablation for Cardiac Arrhythmias
Edited by Ngai-Yin Chan
Videos
Video 5.5. Polar icecap inside of the right upper pulmonary vein properly occluded by a 23 mm balloon. In this second freeze of an occluded right upper pulmonary vein, the large amount of ice formation is clearly visible as a shadow inside the contrast filling of the vein. This impressively shows the additional risk of phrenic nerve palsy due to ice formation inside the vein.